REITs and InvITs – Financing urbanization and infrastructure in India: A comprehensive insight

Real Estate Investment Trusts (REITs) and Infrastructure Investment Trusts (InvITs) are conceptually like mutual funds in that funds are raised (backed by a sponsor) from institutional and retail investors which is then invested in infrastructure or real estate projects. The income earned from such projects is periodically distributed (at least 90% of net distributable cash flows (NDCF)) to unitholders. However, unlike mutual funds, they also have characteristics of a business enterprise considering they also raise debt and through a Trustee and an Investment Manager, are actively involved in projects to maximize returns to unitholders.

The rising emergence and popularity of REITs/InvITs in India is a welcome development for capital thirsty sectors, e.g., infrastructure (roads and highways, ports, railways, etc.), power, real estate, etc. With a view to increasing private participation supported by favorable government policies (e.g., enabling investment by foreign portfolio investors) and long- term investment outlook, many marquee investors including sovereign and pension funds are continuing to raise their stakes in such assets. Investors benefit from generating regular cash distributions, stable yield and an opportunity for sponsor(s) to expand their asset base.